Essays

• Essay No. 1: Preface
• Essay No. 2: Foreword
• Essay No. 3: Editors’ Note

Part 1: Article I

• Essay No. 4: The Preamble
• Essay No. 5: The Legislative Vesting Clause
• Essay No. 6: The House of Representatives Clause
• Essay No. 7: The Elector Qualifications Clause
• Essay No. 8: The Qualifications For Representatives Clause
• Essay No. 9: The Three-Fifths Clause
• Essay No. 10: The Enumeration Clause
• Essay No. 11: The Congressional Apportionment Clause
• Essay No. 12: The Executive Writs of Election Clause
• Essay No. 13: The Speaker of the House Clause
• Essay No. 14: House Impeachment Clause
• Essay No. 15: The Senate Clause
• Essay No. 16: The Senatorial Classes and Vacancies Clause
• Essay No. 17: The Qualifications for Senators Clause
• Essay No. 18: The Vice President as Presiding Officer Clause
• Essay No. 19: The President Pro Tempore Clause
• Essay No. 20: The Senate Impeachment Trial Clause
• Essay No. 21: The Impeachment Judgment Clause
• Essay No. 22: The Elections Clause
• Essay No. 23: The Congressional Assembly Clause
• Essay No. 24: The Judge of Elections Clause
• Essay No. 25: The Quorum Clause
• Essay No. 26: The Rules of Proceedings Clause
• Essay No. 27: The Punishment and Expulsion Clause
• Essay No. 28: The Journal Clause
• Essay No. 29: The Congressional Adjournment Clause
• Essay No. 30: The Congressional Compensation Clause
• Essay No. 31: The Privilege from Arrest Clause
• Essay No. 32: The Speech or Debate Clause
• Essay No. 33: The Ineligibility Clause
• Essay No. 34: The Incompatibility Clause
• Essay No. 35: The Origination Clause
• Essay No. 36: The Presentment Clause
• Essay No. 37: The Pocket Veto Clause
• Essay No. 38: The Order, Resolution, or Vote (ORV) Clause
• Essay No. 39: The Taxing Clause
• Essay No. 40: The Spending Clause
• Essay No. 41: The Uniformity Clause
• Essay No. 42: The Borrowing Clause
• Essay No. 43: The Foreign Commerce Clause
• Essay No. 44: The Interstate Commerce Clause
• Essay No. 45: The Indian Commerce Clause
• Essay No. 46: The Naturalization Clause
• Essay No. 47: The Bankruptcy Clause
• Essay No. 48: The Federal Money Clause
• Essay No. 49: The Weights and Measures Clause
• Essay No. 50: The Counterfeiting Clause
• Essay No. 51: The Postal Clause
• Essay No. 52: The Copyright and Patent Clause
• Essay No. 53: The Inferior Courts Clause
• Essay No. 54: The Piracies and Felonies Clause
• Essay No. 55: The Offenses Against the Law of Nations Clause
• Essay No. 56: The Declare War Clause
• Essay No. 57: The Federal Marque and Reprisal Clause
• Essay No. 58: The Captures Clause
• Essay No. 59: The Armies Clause
• Essay No. 60: The Navy Clause
• Essay No. 61: The Military Regulations Clause
• Essay No. 62: The Calling Forth the Militia Clause
• Essay No. 63: The Militia Organization Clause
• Essay No. 64: The Federal District Clause
• Essay No. 65: The Federal Enclave Clause
• Essay No. 66: The Necessary and Proper Clause
• Essay No. 67: The Migration or Importation Clause
• Essay No. 68: The Habeas Corpus Clause
• Essay No. 69: The Federal Bill of Attainder Clause
• Essay No. 70: The Federal Ex Post Facto Clause
• Essay No. 71: The Direct Taxes Clause
• Essay No. 72: The Export Taxation Clause
• Essay No. 73: The Port Preference Clause
• Essay No. 74: The Appropriations Clause
• Essay No. 75: The Federal Title of Nobility Clause
• Essay No. 76: The Foreign Emoluments Clause
• Essay No. 77: The State Treaty Clause
• Essay No. 78: The State Marque and Reprisal Clause
• Essay No. 79: The State Money Clause
• Essay No. 80: The State Bill of Attainder Clause
• Essay No. 81: The State Ex-Post Facto Clause
• Essay No. 82: The Obligation of Contracts Clause
• Essay No. 83: The State Title of Nobility Clause
• Essay No. 84: The Import-Export Clause
• Essay No. 85: The Tonnage Clause
• Essay No. 86: The Troops, Ships of War, Compact, and Invasion Clause

Part 2: Article II

• Essay No. 87: The Executive Vesting Clause
• Essay No. 88: The Presidential Term Clause
• Essay No. 89: The Vice Presidential Term Clause
• Essay No. 90: The Presidential Electors Clause
• Essay No. 91: The Elector Incompatibility Clause
• Essay No. 92: The Electoral Meeting Clause
• Essay No. 93: The Electoral Vote Counting Clause
• Essay No. 94: The Presidential Majority and Contingent Elections Clause
• Essay No. 95: The Presidential Electors Timing Clause
• Essay No. 96: The Presidential Eligibility Clause
• Essay No. 97: The Presidential Succession—Devolve Clause
• Essay No. 98: The Presidential Succession—Congress Clause
• Essay No. 99: The Presidential Compensation Clause
• Essay No. 100: The Domestic Emoluments Clause
• Essay No. 101: The Presidential Oath of Office Clause
• Essay No. 102: The Commander in Chief Clause
• Essay No. 103: The Commander of the Militia Clause
• Essay No. 104: The Opinion Clause
• Essay No. 105: The Pardon Clause
• Essay No. 106: The Treaty Clause
• Essay No. 107: The Appointments Clause
• Essay No. 108: The Inferior Officers Appointments Clause
• Essay No. 109: The Recess Appointments Clause
• Essay No. 110: The State of the Union Clause
• Essay No. 111: The Recommendation Clause
• Essay No. 112: The Presidential Convening Clause
• Essay No. 113: The Presidential Adjournment Clause
• Essay No. 114: The Ambassadors Clause
• Essay No. 115: The Take Care Clause
• Essay No. 116: The Commissions Clause
• Essay No. 117: The Impeachment Clause

Part 3: Article III

• Essay No. 118: The Judicial Vesting Clause
• Essay No. 119: The Supreme Court Vesting Clause
• Essay No. 120: The Inferior Courts Clause
• Essay No. 121: The Good Behavior Clause
• Essay No. 122: The Judicial Compensation Clause
• Essay No. 123: The Judicial Power—Law & Equity Clause
• Essay No. 124: The Judicial Power—Arising Under Clause
• Essay No. 125: The Judicial Power—Treaties Clause
• Essay No. 126: The Judicial Power—Ambassadors Clause
• Essay No. 127: The Judicial Power—Admiralty Clause
• Essay No. 128: The Judicial Power—Federal Party Clause
• Essay No. 129: The Judicial Power—Interstate Controversies Clause
• Essay No. 130: The Judicial Power—State-Citizen Diversity Clause
• Essay No. 131: The Judicial Power—Diversity of Citizenship Clause
• Essay No. 132: The Judicial Power—Land Grant Jurisdiction Clause
• Essay No. 133: The Judicial Power—Foreign Diversity Clause
• Essay No. 134: The Original Jurisdiction Clause
• Essay No. 135: The Appellate Jurisdiction Clause
• Essay No. 136: The Criminal Trials Clause
• Essay No. 137: The Treason Clause
• Essay No. 138: The Punishment of Treason Clause

Part 4: Article IV

• Essay No. 139: The Full Faith and Credit Clause
• Essay No. 140: The Privileges and Immunities Clause
• Essay No. 141: The Fugitive From Justice Clause
• Essay No. 142: The Fugitive Slave Clause
• Essay No. 143: The Admissions Clause
• Essay No. 144: The Territories Clause
• Essay No. 145: The Property Clause
• Essay No. 146: The Claims Clause
• Essay No. 147: The Guarantee Clause

Part 6: Article V

• Essay No. 148: Amendments—Congressional Proposal Clause
• Essay No. 149: Amendments—Convention Proposal Clause
• Essay No. 150: Amendments—Ratification Process
• Essay No. 151: Prohibition on Amendment—Migration, Importation, and Apportionment
• Essay No. 152: Prohibition on Amendment—Equal Suffrage of the States

Part 7: Article VI

• Essay No. 153: The Debts and Engagements Clause
• Essay No. 154: The Supremacy Clause
• Essay No. 155: The Oath or Affirmation Clause
• Essay No. 156: The Religious Test Clause

Part 7: Article VII

• Essay No. 157: The Ratification Clause
• Essay No. 158: The Attestation Clause

Part 8: The Bill of Rights

• Essay No. 159: The Establishment Clause
• Essay No. 160: The Free Exercise of Religion Clause
• Essay No. 161: The Freedom of Speech and of the Press Clause
• Essay No. 162: The Freedom of Assembly Clause
• Essay No. 163: The Freedom of Petition Clause
• Essay No. 164: The Right to Keep and Bear Arms Amendment
• Essay No. 165: The Quartering Troops Amendment
• Essay No. 166: The Unreasonable Searches and Seizures Clause
• Essay No. 167: The Warrant Clause
• Essay No. 168: The Grand Jury Requirement Clause
• Essay No. 169: The Grand Jury Exceptions Clause
• Essay No. 170: The Double Jeopardy Clause
• Essay No. 171: The Self-Incrimination Clause
• Essay No. 172: The Due Process Clause
• Essay No. 173: The Takings Clause
• Essay No. 174: The Speedy Trial Clause
• Essay No. 175: The Public Trial Clause
• Essay No. 176: The Jury Trial Clause
• Essay No. 177: The Vicinage Clause
• Essay No. 178: The Informed of Accusation (Arraignment) Clause
• Essay No. 179: The Confrontation Clause
• Essay No. 180: The Compulsory Process Clause
• Essay No. 181: The Right to Counsel Clause
• Essay No. 182: The Civil Jury Trial Clause
• Essay No. 183: The Re-examination Clause
• Essay No. 184: The Excessive Bail Clause
• Essay No. 185: The Excessive Fines Clause
• Essay No. 186: The Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause
• Essay No. 187: The Ninth Amendment
• Essay No. 188: The Tenth Amendment

Part 9: The Correction Amendments

• Essay No. 189: The Eleventh Amendment
• Essay No. 190: The Twelfth Amendment

Part 10: The Reconstruction Amendments

• Essay No. 191: The Thirteenth Amendment
• Essay No. 192: The Citizenship Clause
• Essay No. 193: The State Action Clause
• Essay No. 194: The Privileges or Immunities Clause
• Essay No. 195: The Due Process Clause
• Essay No. 196: The Equal Protection Clause
• Essay No. 197: The Apportionment of Representatives Clause
• Essay No. 198: The Insurrection or Rebellion Clause
• Essay No. 199: The Public Debt Clause
• Essay No. 200: The Enforcement Clause
• Essay No. 201: The Fifteenth Amendment

Part 11: The Progressive Era Amendments

• Essay No. 202: The Income Tax Amendment
• Essay No. 203: The Popular Election of Senators Amendment
• Essay No. 204: The Senate Vacancies Amendment
• Essay No. 205: The Prohibition Amendment
• Essay No. 206: The Suffrage Amendment

Part 12: The Government Amendments

• Essay No. 207: The Presidential Terms Amendment
• Essay No. 208: The Repeal of Prohibition Amendment
• Essay No. 209: The Presidential Term Limits Amendment
• Essay No. 210: The District of Columbia Electors Amendment
• Essay No. 211: The Poll Taxes Amendment
• Essay No. 212: The Presidential Succession Amendment—Sections 1 and 2
• Essay No. 213: The Presidential Succession Amendment—Section 3
• Essay No. 214: The Presidential Succession Amendment—Section 4
• Essay No. 215: The Minimum Voting Age Amendment
• Essay No. 216: The Congressional Compensation Amendment